What is the difference between systemic and non-systemic pesticides?

                                      

 

 

FERTILISATION

      Fertilisers are substances, most often mixtures of mineral elements, intended to provide plants with nutrient supplements, in order to improve their growth and increase the yield and quality of crops. The action of providing a fertiliser is called fertilisation.

         Fertilization program

1) Analyses (each year) :

- Soil analyses; to know the deficiencies and excesses of mineral elements in the soil.

- Leaf analysis

- Wood analysis

- Water analysis: water PH.

2) The stages of the species (variety)

3) The needs in mineral elements for the plant 

4) The percentages of each element in each stage

5) Fertilizers applied (used) {simple or compound}.

EXAMPLE :

 Establishing a Fishing Fertilization Program

       a- After the soil analysis; the results ask us to use it this year: 

- 160 units of Nitrogen (N)

- 120 units of Phosphorus (P2O5)

- 100 units of Potassium (K2O)

- 200 units of magnesium (MGO

- 180 calcium units (CAD) 

b- Fishing stages and percentages of each element :

- Budburst: December 10 - January 15= 45 days

- Flowering : 15 January - 05 February = 20 days

- Season: 05 February - 30 February = 25 days

- Magnification: 01 March - 30 March = 30 days

- Maturity: 01 April - 15 May = 45 days.

stages               the percentage of mineral elements 

                   N         P2O5              K2O      Cao             Mgo

Budburst           10%      20%               20%        20%             20%

Flowering          20%     20%                20%       20%             40%

Fruit set             30%      40%                30%       20%            20%

Magnification    20%      20%               20%       20%            10%

Maturity             20%      10%               20%       10%           10%

c-The choice of fertilizers applied.

And finally the calculations and distribution of the units for each stage. 

                                             IRRIGATION

     Irrigation is the operation of artificially supplying water to cultivated plants to increase their production.

- Determination of water needs :

- Nature of the cultivated plants

- Vegetation stage

- Nature and moisture content of the soil

- Climatic data.

    The irrigation technique used for several crops is micro-irrigation = drip system.

    The flow rate of the drippers of the Peach and Vine crop is 4 l/h.

- The irrigation unit is mm: and 1mm = 10m3/ha : 

We have:      1ha = 10000m².

 And 1m3 = 1000l 

 And 1mm = 1L/m² = 10000L/10000m².

 And finally 1mm = 10m3/ha.

- Area rainfall is the measurement of dripper water in a plot for a period of time. And this measurement helps us to know the volume of water that will water a plot.